Evaluating the remineralisation potential and clinical evidence of emerging biocompatible materials in restorative dentistry: a systematic review

Background: Biocompatible materials with remineralising and regenerative properties are now being increasingly used in restorative dentistry as possible materials in place of conventional agents. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the laboratory remineralisation potential and available clinical evidence of emerging biocompatible, non-fluoridated materials used in restorative dentistry. Patient-reported outcomes were explored where reported. Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed on relevant databases as PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost and Scopus. Results: A total of 8 in vivo and 23 in vitro studies were included. Self-assembling peptide P11-4 (SAP P11-4) and chitosan-based materials demonstrated consistent remineralisation benefits, predominantly in laboratory studies, with limited supporting clinical evidence. Risk of bias was moderate for in vitro studies and low-to-some concerns for in vivo studies. Conclusion: Self-assembling peptides and chitosan-based biomaterials show promising potential, though current evidence is largely laboratory-based and requires further clinical validation. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted.