Fine Structure Constant Model

This paper proposes a phenomenological model for the fine-structure constant based on an internal rotational structure combined with relativistic energy considerations. A dimensionless parameter α = rω/c is introduced, and a normalization condition α_int = 1 is assumed for the internal layer, where the rotational velocity reaches the speed of light. Using the relativistic energy–momentum relation and an effective momentum associated with internal rotation, the total energy is expressed as E = mc²√(1 + α²). By comparing the closed-form expression with its series expansion, a residual term δ = (3/2 − √2) is obtained. It is shown that the square of this residual reproduces the order of magnitude of the fine-structure constant, α ≈ δ² ≈ 1/137, with an error of approximately 0.8%. Furthermore, this residual is interpreted as arising from a hierarchical internal structure, expressed as a self-similar series expansion. This work presents a structural interpretation of the fine-structure constant as an emergent quantity derived from internal rotational dynamics and relativistic corrections. This version includes clarification of the second-order structure of the deviation, showing that the residual is of order α² due to rotational contributions.