Leukemia Cutis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report

Leukemia cutis is an uncommon extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) caused by infiltration of the skin by leukemic blasts. Its clinical morphology is highly variable and may mimic infectious, inflammatory, or other neoplastic dermatoses, making tissue diagnosis essential. We report a 49-year-old man who presented with fever, epistaxis, and multifocal nodular and ulcerated skin lesions involving the right wrist, chest, and scalp, as well as gingival hyperplasia. Skin biopsy was reported to confirm cutaneous myeloid sarcoma, consistent with leukemia cutis in the setting of AML. Histopathology demonstrated dense dermal infiltration by atypical myeloid cells with relative epidermal sparing. The patient was diagnosed with AML with cutaneous involvement and was started on systemic chemotherapy. This case emphasizes the importance of early biopsy of suspicious skin lesions in patients with known or suspected hematologic malignancy and highlights the adverse prognostic implications of leukemia cutis.