A case of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by necrotizing tracheobronchitis with a review of the literature

Objective: To report a case of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis, and to detail its clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations and treatment process, so as to enhance clinicians' understanding of necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis and emphasize the indispensable role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis. Methods: Report on a child with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis; the child was a 7 - year - old boy; the clinical features included recurrent high fever, cough and hoarseness; physical examination revealed fair spirits, pharyngeal congestion, grade I tonsillar enlargement, coarse breath sounds in both lungs, and no rales heard; auxiliary examinations confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection; under bronchoscopy, necrosis of the bronchial mucosa and exposure of cartilage were observed, and the pathological examination of the lesion showed inflammatory necrosis; after anti - infection treatment and multiple bronchoscopic lavage treatments, the child's condition improved and he was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: Necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis can present with diffuse necrosis of the airway mucosa, has an acute onset and a severe disease progression, and can lead to death; in this case, the child developed necrosis of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and there is currently no report of necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis occurring after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection; in treatment, anti - infection treatment should be combined with bronchoscopic lavage treatment.