Laser-assisted scanning electrochemical machining of Ti-6Al-4 V for localized patterning

, a scanning speed of 0.25 mm/s, and a 2.0 s irradiation followed by a 2.0 s interval. In addition, extending the voltage application time to 12.0 s after laser irradiation improved groove uniformity. High-speed observation of the electrolyte film during scanning indicated that vigorous bubble generation at higher laser fluences disturbed the current distrubusion, whereas stable machining was achieved by using a lower laser fluence and a slower scanning speed. These results demonstrate that controlling laser activation and post-irradiation voltage duration enables localized pattern machining of Ti-6Al-4 V.