Synthesis, structural characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and anticancer activity of a ternary dinuclear copper(II) complex containing 2,2’-bipyridine and ortho -vanillin

The dinuclear [Cu(bpy)(o-val)(ONO2)]2·2H2O complex (1), where bpy= 2,2'-bipyridine, o-val= ortho-vanillin (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) have been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of dinuclear complex (1) contains two copper centers bridged by ortho-vanillin ligand. The single crystal x-ray diffraction shows that the coordinating environment of each copper center is distorted octahedral geometry with Jahn-Teller elongation. Each copper(II) ion is connected with two nitrogen atoms of bpy, one oxygen of nitrate, three oxygen atoms (two bridging and one terminal oxygen) of o-vanillin. The complex (1) shows good anticancer activity, the IC50= 31.8 M which is higher than cis-platin with IC50=82.3 M under the same experimental conditio