Technological innovation and institutional quality: drivers of green economic growth in selected Arab countries (2010–2023)

Amid mounting environmental constraints and the push for economic diversification away from hydrocarbon dependence, green growth has emerged as a priority strategy. The research aims to analyze the impact of innovation and institutional quality on green economic growth in selected Arab countries (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) over the period from 2010 to 2023. The empirical analysis draws on panel data and applies a fixed-effects regression framework to account for country-specific heterogeneity and time-invariant unobserved factors, the key variables include the Green Growth Index, the Innovation Index, patent applications, the rule of law, and government efficiency. The empirical results showed that innovation has a limited impact on green growth, while patents contribute significantly to improving green economic performance. The rule of law also showed a strong positive effect, underscoring the importance of institutional quality. These findings reflect the need to promote technological innovation and strengthen institutional frameworks that support sustainable development in the Arab region, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).