‘Everyone Wants It… but the System Works Against People’: Organisational Perceptions on Local Learning Infrastructures for Adults in Vulnerable Positions

This study explores how local-level infrastructures can better support lifelong development for vulnerable adults by analysing 29 Dutch organisations across three regions. Using a card-sorting method grounded in capability and social skills ecosystem frameworks, the research identifies key systemic weaknesses, particularly in governance, funding, political will, partnerships and monitoring. At the organisational level, outreach and guidance are also perceived as insufficient. Yet differences between work integration, education and welfare organisations reveal opportunities for mutual learning: work-oriented actors excel in flexibility and funding stability; education providers in tailored learning; and welfare groups in trust-building and outreach. Interviewees propose seven key actions to strengthen infrastructures: (1) formalising inclusive governance, (2) aligning lifelong learning with wider political priorities, (3) transitioning to sustainable, regionally pooled funding, (4) embedding learner-centred monitoring systems, (5) building trust-based partnerships, (6) enhancing guidance through dedicated coaches and (7) co-designing proactive outreach. The research also tests an evaluative framework for assessing learning systems, thereby yielding actionable insights. Ultimately, the study underscores that empowering vulnerable adults through learning requires more than educational provision alone; it demands cohesive, place-based ecosystems that integrate social, economic and pedagogical support. Coordinated local action is key to getting it right, together.