Green and Facile Recovery of Silver and Aluminum from Waste Photovoltaic Modules: A Novel Mechanochemically Driven Pathway

). These generated species rapidly oxidize Ag and Al, converting them into water-soluble sulfates, thereby rendering the subsequent water leaching process both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Under optimized conditions, the extraction efficiencies of Ag and Al reached 98.39 and 91.72%, respectively. This work not only offers a highly efficient and clean pathway for the circular utilization of scarce Ag resources but also underscores the potential of mechanochemistry in the field of waste PV modules, holding significant implications for promoting sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry and resource circularity.