The Impact of Hemoglobin Concentration on Prognosis in Patients With Diabetic Foot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes and Clinical Management

> .05). Sensitivity and publication bias analyses indicated robust results.ConclusionLower hemoglobin levels were associated with higher odds of amputation in patients with diabetic foot. However, pooled effects were small and heterogeneity was substantial across studies; therefore, hemoglobin likely functions primarily as a marker of overall disease burden and perioperative risk rather than a proven modifiable target. Prospective interventional studies are needed to determine whether correcting anemia improves limb outcomes and survival.