From renewable integration to digital transformation: A systematic review of Morocco’s smart grid transition

Smart grids are becoming essential to modern energy systems, enabling resilient, efficient, and adaptive electricity networks through the integration of digital technologies and renewable energy sources. This systematic review examines the development of smart grids in Morocco, providing a comprehensive analysis of their evolution, research landscape, implementation challenges, and strategic priorities. The study begins with an overview of Morocco’s energy system, covering electricity production, transmission infrastructure, energy dependence, trade balance, and energy expenditure, along with a forecast of national energy trends through 2030. Using the PRISMA methodology, 291 studies were screened, with 91 high-quality papers selected for in-depth review. Thematic classification organizes the literature into eleven research areas across four conceptual domains, highlighting a strong focus on solar and wind integration, forecasting, and grid optimization. In addition, a technology focus analysis was performed, highlighting dominant areas such as solar, hybrid systems, artificial intelligence, and smart metering, while identifying other underexplored technologies. Persistent challenges identified include regulatory gaps, limited financing mechanisms, outdated infrastructure, cybersecurity risks, and low consumer engagement. In response, the study introduces five foundational pillars as a strategic lens to guide national implementation. These pillars are synthesized into a phased roadmap (2025–2040), offering a structured vision for coordinated, inclusive, and future-ready smart grid deployment in Morocco. • Smart grid development in Morocco aligned with energy transition goals. • Analysis of key technologies, themes, and gaps across 91 selected studies. • Strategic roadmap (2025–2040) proposed for national smart grid implementation. • Emphasis on regulation, infrastructure, digitalization, and consumer engagement.