A conceptual framework for algal-based membrane bioreactors (AMBR) in the removal of pharmaceutical micropollutants from wastewater

The objective of this review is to introduce algal-based membrane bioreactors (AMBR) as a potentially promising methodology for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs). By integrating algal biomass with a membrane bioreactor (MBR), this approach aims to enhance the efficacy of pharmacological removal from wastewater. Current methodologies face limitations in effectively eliminating PCs from wastewater, underscoring the necessity for innovative approaches. In the AMBR system, wastewater undergoes treatment initially with algae, followed by membrane separation within a reactor. Currently, direct studies investigating AMBR systems for pharmaceutical removal are lacking. Both microalgae-based systems and membrane bioreactors have individually proven to be effective in removing pharmaceutical compounds. In addition, AMBR systems have demonstrated effective removal of other micropollutants, indicating strong potential for pharmaceutical removal. Leveraging algae's inherent capacity to absorb and degrade PCs holds potential to augment water treatment processes. Thus, the integration of algal biomass with membrane filtration presents a promising avenue for combating PCs in wastewater.