A GWO-Based Optimization for mmWave Integrated Sensing and Communications in IoT Systems

The next generations of wireless networks will use more intensively shared spectrum and hardware resources. This leads to huge demand for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology. Additionally, the integration of millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum can improve the sensing capabilities and communication rates of ISAC systems. This development is of great significance to the internet of things (IoT), as it is essential for intelligent operations and decision-making to have accurate surround sensing and device communication. This study presents a novel methodology for beamforming design in mmWave ISAC base stations within IoT systems, utilizing a grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to optimize the total communication rate and effective sensing power. Also, this work is mostly focused on simulation and heuristic optimization methods. The analyses conducted indicate that the suggested GWO-based optimization achieves a sum rate of up to 22.7 bit/s/Hz and a sensing power of 65.8 dBm when the base station (BS) is equipped with 8 antennas, in comparison to the results from the particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based and genetic algorithm (GA)-based schemes.