Three-Dimensional Mixed Convection Flow of a Hybrid Nanofluid over a Moving Plate Incorporating the Influences of Inclined Magnetic Field

Nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids have emerged as advanced working fluids owing to their superior heat and mass transfer capabilities. In this context, this present novel study aims to investigate the three-dimensional mixed convection flow of alumina–сopper/water (Al2O3–Cu/H2O) hybrid nanofluid over an exponentially stretching permeable moving sheet with suction/injection effects. In this work, the authors have considered the exponentially varying inclined magnetic field on the flow system. Using the similarity transformation, the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of flow are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are solved using fourth-order collocation technique for boundary value problems (bvp4c) inbuilt in MATLAB software. In this study, the authors have analysed impact of various physical parameters on the velocity in the x-direction, velocity in the y-direction, concentration profile, temperature profile, skin friction coefficients, characteristics of heat transfer, and Sherwood number of the fluid. Comparative analysis reveals a decrease in the skin friction coefficient and an enhancement in heat and mass transfer rates achieved by hybrid nanofluids because of their superior thermophysical properties. The findings of the present model underscore the effectiveness of hybrid nanofluids as efficient thermal transport media in high-performance engineering and energy systems.