Lab-on-fiber technology: Towards engineered SERS optrodes

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has established itself as a powerful analytical technique for detecting specific molecular structures and analyzing the composition of biological and chemical substances with high sensitivity. However, the practical deployment of SERS beyond specialized laboratories remains challenging, largely due to the limited portability of conventional planar SERS substrates and the need for in situ, real-time measurements in confined or complex environments. To address this gap, significant advances have been made in integrating SERS-active nanostructures with optical fibers, combining the strong signal enhancement of SERS with the versatility and potential of lab-on-fiber technology. In this perspective, we review the recent progress, emerging opportunities, and current challenges in applying lab-on-fiber technology to the development of SERS optrodes. Particular emphasis is placed on the most recent advances, remaining limitations, and prospects for biomedical applications.