Eco-Friendly Rigid Pavement Concrete Using Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate

This study investigates the feasibility of using copper slag, an industrial byproduct, as a sustainable alternative to natural sand in M30-grade rigid pavement concrete. By evaluating replacement levels of 0%, 30%, and 50%, the research demonstrates that a 30% substitution optimizes compressive strength, achieving 33.53 MPa at 28 days compared to the 33.25 MPa control. The findings confirm that copper slag can successfully be integrated into road construction, simultaneously enhancing pavement performance and addressing environmental concerns by recycling waste and conserving natural sand.