Psychopharmacology and Neurocognitive Disorders: Evidence for Cognitive and Behavioral Symptom Management

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) encompass various conditions that affect cognition and functioning in activities of daily living. Although many types of NCDs lack curative therapy, medications may be used to ameliorate cognitive as well as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Medications classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, and antiamyloid monoclonal antibodies target cognitive symptoms. For BPSD, antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, and stimulants have been studied. Selection of pharmacotherapies requires careful risk-benefit analysis for individual patients. This review discusses available evidence to guide these discussions and clinical decisions.