Dynamic Meta‐Holography From Linear to Nonlinear Enabled by Transmissive Independently Addressable Metasurface

ABSTRACT Holography enables wavefront reconstruction by recording both amplitude and phase information of light, yet conventional approaches are constrained by static, space‑only modulation and limited bandwidth. Although metasurface‑based holography allows dynamic wavefront control, most designs remain reflection‑type, narrowband, and incapable of independent pixel‑level tuning in transmission‑type architectures. To overcome these limitations, we propose a dynamic space‐time meta‐holographic strategy based on a transmissive independently addressable metasurface. Inspired by a Fabry–Perot cavity architecture, the design integrates bias networks into orthogonal metal gratings, enabling independent addressing of each meta‑atom with low insertion loss (<1 dB) and a stable 180° phase difference over 5.6–11.4 GHz. The numerical simulations and experimental measurements demonstrate dynamic far‑field holographic beamforming that generates dynamic orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams under spatial coding sequences. Building upon the linear‐regime control, by introducing time‑varying coding sequences, the holographic control is extended to the nonlinear domain, achieving high‑quality near‑field imaging of multiple alphabet patterns at the ± first and ± second harmonics. This work establishes a versatile platform for pixel‑level transmissive space‐time meta‑holography, paving the way for advanced applications in next‑generation communications, data storage, and display technologies.