Endovenous thermal ablation for truncal varicose veins: Indications, techniques, and long-term outcomes

Endovenous thermal ablation techniques have transformed the management of chronic venous insufficiency, providing minimally invasive alternatives to traditional surgical approaches. By delivering controlled heat energy to incompetent veins, these procedures achieve durable closure, restore efficient venous circulation, and relieve symptoms such as pain, swelling, and varicosities. The two principal modalities are radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser therapy. This article provides an up-to-date overview of current indications, techniques, outcomes, and guideline recommendations for these procedures.