Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Local Bone Grafting Combined with Implant Restoration in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Partial Edentulism

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of partial edentulism, which may lead to tooth loss, compromised masticatory function, and dietary restrictions. Delayed or inadequate treatment can cause complications and sequelae that severely reduce quality of life. This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of local bone grafting combined with implant restoration in diabetic patients with partial edentulism, to provide evidence for clinical treatment strategies. Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of local bone grafting combined with implant restoration in diabetic patients with partial edentulism. Methods: A total of 122 eligible patients were randomly divided into control and observation groups (n=61 each). The control group received conventional implant restoration, while the observation group underwent local autogenous bone grafting combined with implant restoration. Outcomes included peri-implant bone mineral density, new bone formation, bone-to-implant contact, inflammatory cytokines in peri-implant crevicular fluid, periodontal indicators, serum bone metabolic markers, and postoperative soft tissue complications. Results: Preoperative baseline values were comparable between groups (P > 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the observation group exhibited significantly higher bone mineral density, new bone area percentage, and bone-to-implant contact, along with lower levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ. Periodontal status, implant stability, and bone metabolism markers were also improved, and the overall complication rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Local bone grafting combined with implant restoration effectively improves early implant stability and osseointegration, reduces inflammatory responses, and lowers the incidence of postoperative complications in diabetic patients with partial edentulism. The method is safe and effective and holds high clinical application value.