Integrated charge excitation triboelectric nanogenerator for all weather wave energy harvesting

Triboelectric nanogenerators represent a highly promising technology for large-scale blue energy harvesting. TENGs have many advantages that make it promising for energy harvesting applications. However, the development of TENGs was hampered by structural design limitations. This work presents an oblate spheroidal triboelectric nanogenerator for all-weather blue energy harvesting. The device integrates three spring-steel-based units and employs a half-wave rectifier charge excitation circuit, where one-unit primes three main units to enhance overall output. We systematically investigate the working mechanism and output performance of the TENG at various frequencies. Moreover, the symmetrical oblate spheroidal shell structure ensures stable TENG output even under inversion conditions by leveraging its geometric stability. The high output power of this TENG configuration demonstrates significant potential for future all-weather blue energy harvesting applications.