The immediate effect of arch support insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs during the forward lunge step in badminton

Background: The lunge step in badminton involves frequent impacts that contribute to lower-limb injuries. Although arch support insoles (ASI) are widely used for sports protection, studies on their application in badminton are limited, and internal loading during the lunge maneuver has rarely been examined. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of functional arch support insoles on lower-limb biomechanics and patellofemoral joint loading during a forward lunge in badminton. Methods: a mathematical model based on cadaveric data. Results: = 0.019, ES = 0.66) were significantly increased. Conclusion: The results indicate that ASI altered ankle cushioning strategies, producing lower vertical ground reaction force loading rates. Furthermore, changes in hip and knee metrics suggest a potential reduction in dynamic knee valgus patterns. These results suggest that ASI may be able to reduce injury risk in badminton. However, ASI may also increase patellofemoral joint loading due to greater knee extension moments. Thus, balancing injury prevention and potential risks is crucial. Future research should investigate individualized fit strategies and the long-term biomechanical effects of ASI.