Epigenome editing strategies: technological progress and in vivo applications

Abstract Genome editing refers to a group of technologies that allow targeted modifications at specific sites within the genome. Advances in these technologies have not only made it possible to precisely alter the genome but also to manipulate the epigenome of specific regions, allowing for the controlled regulation of gene expression. It is increasingly evident that the epigenome plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression during development and differentiation, and that epigenome abnormalities are linked to various diseases including cancer and lifestyle-related disorders. As a result, the ability to manipulate the epigenome of a specific region offers valuable insights into its function in development and differentiation and also presents potential for therapeutic interventions across a broad spectrum of disease. Given its growing significance, epigenome editing is poised to become a critical tool in both basic and medical research. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in epigenome editing technologies.