Advances in Research on the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Drug Resistance

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review critically synthesizes recent advances on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung cancer. Unlike previous descriptive compilations, we provide an evidence-based analysis, distinguish preclinical from clinically validated findings (e.g., serum exosomal SNHG15, DLX6-AS1), and highlight recurring mechanistic themes (ceRNA, chromatin remodeling, m6A). We discuss inconsistencies in the literature, barriers to clinical translation (such as standardization, sample variability, and validation), and propose a roadmap for clinical integration, including how lncRNA panels could complement existing biomarkers like CYFRA21-1. A transparent literature search strategy is included.