Metabolic Regulatory Networks in Ferroptosis During Alzheimer’s Disease, Mechanisms of Glial Cell Action, and Pathological Correlations with Neuritic Plaques

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathological mechanism, which is still poorly understood. Ferroptosis is a type of non-apoptotic programmed cell death. Many recent studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of AD. This article explains the main theoretical basis of ferroptosis in the pathological development of AD, and systematically analyzes the synergistic pathological network of multiple pathways caused by iron metabolism disorder, abnormal lipid peroxidation, and abnormal amino acid metabolism. This article mainly focuses on the dual regulation mechanism and molecular mechanism of microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the process of ferroptosis. This article studies the two-way relationship between neuritic plaques (NP) and ferroptosis, and the relationship between NP and dystrophic neurites, inflammatory response, and abnormal tau phosphorylation. Based on the existing research, we propose several unanswered questions and possible targeted research directions to provide a theoretical reference for the study of AD pathogenesis and the exploration of intervention strategies.