Spatiotemporal controlled release of YCM/Cu2⁺ hydrogel microneedle system synergistically accelerates chronic wound healing in diabetes

⁺ to exert immediate, potent antibacterial activity and initiate pro-angiogenic signaling. Subsequently, the sustained release of a multifaceted repertoire of bioactive factors from the YCM orchestrates key regenerative processes, including macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative (M2) phenotype, restoration of mitochondrial function, and mitigation of oxidative stress, thereby resolving chronic inflammation. Collectively, in vitro and in vivo validation demonstrates that this integrated platform effectively eliminates infections, stimulates neovascularization, resolves pathological inflammation and oxidative damage, and facilitates functional extracellular matrix remodeling. Our work establishes a potent and translatable acellular strategy that synergistically combines antimicrobial action with active immunomodulation to disrupt the vicious cycle of non-healing wounds, offering a promising paradigm for the treatment of refractory diabetic wounds and advancing the frontier of regenerative medicine.