Smart Vape Detection in Schools for Mitigating Student E-Cigarette Use

excursions consistent with vaping-related aerosol profiles, although staff responsiveness declined over time due to alert fatigue and competing priorities. A major environmental smoke event demonstrated the need for context-aware logic to reduce false positives. The findings demonstrate that real-time aerosol monitoring is not only technically reliable but also highly effective in detecting vaping within school environments. These perspectives help explain why user engagement, alert fatigue, and institutional follow-through are as critical as sensor accuracy itself. Ultimately, the effectiveness of vape detection relies on strong organisational commitment, well-defined response workflows, and alignment with broader wellbeing and policy strategies. When these elements are in place, such systems can evolve from simple detection tools into intelligent, integrated components of school health governance.