A Thematic Analysis of Sleep Behavior Self-Regulation in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Background/Objectives: Sleep is critical for young adults, particularly those with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who face unique challenges in achieving recommended sleep and diabetes health targets. The purpose of this study guided by the theoretical framework of self-regulation theory is to explore how these individuals navigate self-regulatory processes in their sleep behaviors through mechanisms of self-monitoring, self-judgment, and self-evaluation. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was implemented using semi-structured interviews with 34 young adults (ages 18-30) living with T1D. Data were collected through sleep diaries, actigraphy, and continuous glucose monitoring, followed by thematic analysis to identify sleep behavior self-regulation patterns. Results: Three primary themes were identified: (1) Sleep Behavior Self-Monitoring - highlighting participants' awareness of their sleep habits and the diabetes-related impacts on these habits; (2) Self-Judgment - reflecting how personal and societal standards inform their evaluation of sleep health; (3) Self-Evaluation - showing emotional responses associated with sleep outcomes, where good sleep led to positive feelings and motivation, while poor sleep resulted in frustration. Conclusions: Understanding sleep behavior self-regulation among young adults with T1D is crucial for improving sleep health and diabetes management. Targeted interventions incorporating sleep education and self-regulatory strategies may enhance both perceived sleep quality and overall well-being in this population.