CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF PATIENT-SPECIFIC 3D-PRINTED TITANIUM IMPLANTS IN RECONSTRUCTION OF EXTENSIVE MANDIBULAR DEFECTS

Extensive mandibular defects caused by malignant tumors, trauma, or severe inflammatory diseases represent one of the most complex challenges in modern maxillofacial surgery, as they lead to significant functional impairment and aesthetic deformity. Traditional reconstruction techniques, including autogenous bone grafting and standard reconstruction plates, are associated with limitations such as donor site morbidity, insufficient anatomical accuracy, and prolonged rehabilitation. The development of computer-aided design and additive manufacturing technologies has enabled the creation of patient-specific 3D-printed titanium implants, allowing precise anatomical restoration and improved biomechanical stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of individualized titanium implants in mandibular reconstruction. The study included 32 patients with extensive mandibular defects who underwent surgical reconstruction using customized 3D-printed titanium implants based on preoperative CT imaging and virtual surgical planning. Clinical, radiological, and functional parameters were assessed during a follow-up period of up to 24 months. The results demonstrated a high implant survival rate (93.7%), satisfactory osseointegration, and significant improvement in mastication, speech, and facial symmetry. The findings confirm that patient-specific titanium implants provide reliable structural and functional rehabilitation and represent a promising direction in modern reconstructive maxillofacial surgery.