The Arctic Daisy, Chrysanthemum arcticum, Trifecta Is a Genetically Variable Polyploid Series

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: = 72). METHODS: = 18) as the diploid reference. RESULTS: polyploids), or systematic bias from reference standard differences. Inconsistencies between flow cytometry estimates and observed reproductive compatibility, such as successful crossings with known diploids, suggest additional genomic complexity. Potential historical influences creating genomic instability, including environmental disturbances (chemical, radiation warfare remnants) from World War II military activities at Attu Island and Hudson Bay, are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: trifecta complex and highlights the need for other approaches, including high-density SNP genotyping and chromosome imaging, to resolve ploidy questions and guide future breeding strategies.