Effect of structured yoga practice on glycemic and hepatic outcomes in patients with Co-existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellites and Non -Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus often coexist and have similar metabolic risk factors. A key component of management is still changing one’s lifestyle. Hepatic and metabolic parameters may be improved by yoga, as an adjuvant therapy to the standard. Aims and objective:The current study aim was to evaluate the effect of yoga asanas on biochemical parameters of diabetes (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c) and NAFLD (ALT, AST). Methodology: This study was designed as a quasi-experiment and conducted at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad. Total 160 participants with T2DM and NAFLD were recruited after obtaining the inform consent and ethics approval. The enrolled participant further divided in the two -group intervention and control group. Intervention group included the addition of the designed yogic program to the standard care of treatment and control group included the participant with standard care of treatment alone. The enrolled participants are followed up for 12 months. Biochemical parameter (Fasting Blood Sugar, Post-prandial Blood Sugar and HbA1c as glycemic and ALT and AST as Hepatic) is evaluated at month 3, month 6, month, month 9 and month 12. Result: The Intervention group showed significant reduction in FBS (153.18 ± 46.34 to 96.32 ± 21.21), PPBS (261.85 ± 56.23 to 162.10 ± 38.42 mg/dL) and HbA1c (8.19 ± 0.76% to 6.52 ± 0.66%) at 12 months (p < 0.0001), with significant inter-group differences for HbA1c at all follow-ups. ALT decreased from 62.58 ± 19.33 to 58.47 ± 15.37 U/L with significant inter-group differences at Months 9 and 12, while AST showed comparable changes between groups (p > 0.05). Overall, the intervention was associated with significant improvements in glycemic parameters and ALT levels over 12 months.Conclusion: Over 12 months, period of follow up, the intervention group showed good decrease in liver enzymes and significant long-lasting improvements in glycemic parameters (FBS, PPBG, and HbA1c). These results indicate that individuals with coexisting T2DM and NAFLD can benefit from an integrated approach that effectively improves both metabolic and hepatic outcomes.