Successful Endovascular Management of Gastroduodenal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Acute Pancreatitis, Case Report and Literature Review

Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially life-threatening vascular condition due to its risk of rupture. The exact mechanisms underlying GDA pseudoaneurysm formation remain unclear. A 47-year-old female with a history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy developed post-surgical complications, including necrotizing pancreatitis, portal vein thrombosis, and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis. After 4 months she presented with severe abdominal pain and recurrent vomiting. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed the presence of a gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm. Additionally, a walled-off pancreatic necrosis was identified, necessitating drainage via gastrocystostomy. Diagnostic angiography confirmed the presence of a GDA pseudoaneurysm, which was successfully treated via endovascular coil embolization. The patient's history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, necrotizing pancreatitis, and walled-off pancreatic necrosis highlighted the significant risk factors for developing a GDA pseudoaneurysm. Early diagnosis and intervention, such as embolization, are crucial for optimal outcomes.