The Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondrial electron transport chain: its role in adaptation, longevity, and biotechnology

S) conditions. Mild ETC impairments can extend lifespan through redox signaling, mitohormesis, and activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. These processes likely represent conserved mechanisms of bioenergetic adaptation and longevity. Moreover, C. elegans serves as a translational model for human mitochondrial diseases and for screening mitochondrial or antiparasitic compounds.