Development and validation of a Novel 3D-printed mold-based silicone model for laparoscopic duodenal stump reinforcement suture simulation training

Laparoscopic duodenal stump reinforcement suture (LDSRS) is a critical yet technically challenging procedure in gastrointestinal surgery. Traditional training methods using animal models or cadavers are costly and ethically constrained. This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel, cost-effective, and safe 3D-printed mold-based silicone model for LDSRS simulation training. The model was validated through a multi-phase evaluation. Ten expert laparoscopic surgeons (senior group) evaluated the model’s face and content validity using 5-point Likert scales. Twenty trainee surgeons, divided by clinical experience into intermediate (n = 10) and junior (n = 10) groups, completed ten training sessions to assess training effectiveness. Operative time and performance scores across groups were recorded and compared to assess structural validity of model. Experts confirmed high face and content validity (all items > 4/5, except texture: 3.70 ± 0.82). Construct validity was strong: performance scores increased significantly with experience (junior: 17.35 ± 0.69; intermediate: 22.90 ± 0.79; senior: 33.6 ± 1.13; p < .001), while time decreased (junior: 22.87 ± 0.84 min; intermediate: 17.81 ± 0.32 min; senior: 4.90 ± 0.20 min; p < .001). Learning curves showed proficiency gains both intermediate and junior groups, with inflection points at session 6 (juniors) and session 4 (intermediates), respectively. The developed 3D-printed mold-based silicone model demonstrates high realism and is a valid and effective tool for LDSRS simulation training. It shows potential for improving technical skills within a simulated setting​ and may serve as a valuable component of structured surgical training curricula.