Stone composition in patients undergoing surgical treatment for kidney stones: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Vietnam

Evaluate the composition of kidney stones in patients undergoing surgical interventions at Binh Dan Hospital. Patients undergoing surgical management for renal or ureteral calculi at Binh Dan Hospital between July 2023 and April 2025 were included. Stone composition was determined by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. A total of 765 stone units from 743 patients were analyzed. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy accounted for most procedures (86.01%), followed by retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (7.32%), semirigid ureterolithotripsy (5.10%), and open surgery (1.57%). The composition of the stones revealed that calcium oxalate stones were the most common at 63.4%, including whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) at 51.9% and weddellite (calcium oxalate dihydrate) at 11.5%. Phosphate stones were the next most common, with dahllite (hydroxyapatite) accounting for 25.49% and brushite accounting for 0.52%. Among infection stones, truvite accounted for 3.4% and ammonium hydrogen urate accounted for 0.26%. Uric acid stones and the rare cystine stones accounted for 5.88% and 1.05%, respectively. The proportion of mixed stones in this study accounted for 58.56%. The combinations containing whewellite predominated, accounting for 86.13%. The combination of whewellite + weddellite + dahllite was the most prevalent, representing 31.76% of the cases. Calcium oxalate was the most common stone type. Compared with global data, variations were observed only in selected stone components, suggesting possible regional influences.