Assessing the Potential for Agroforestry in Pokhara, Nepal: An Investigation of the Decline of Agricultural Land Use Along a Rural–Urban Gradient and Land Suitability Analysis

< 0.01) with the conversion of agriculture land to urban areas and negatively correlated with the conversion of agriculture land to forest between 1990 and 2021. The study estimates that more than half (54.3%) of the available agricultural land is highly suitable for promoting agroforestry whereas the rest (45.7%) is moderately suitable. These findings highlight a high potential for agroforestry in the Pokhara Metropolitan area, indicating significant opportunity for implementing diverse agroforestry practices within and around the city. Appropriate agroforestry intervension can enhance ecosystem services, mitigate environmental degradation, and support food security and urban green development as a nature-based solution in rapidly urbanizing landscapes.