Serum Cytokine Profiles and Their Association with Clinical Severity in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

= 0.002). IL-10 and TGF-β1 did not show significant differences among groups or correlations with clinical indices. These findings suggest that serum IL-31 may reflect pruritus-related immune signaling that can persist despite clinical improvement. While IFN-γ may show a weak negative correlation with clinical severity indices, its potential association with chronic dermatologic changes, such as lichenification, requires further investigation in relation to disease chronicity. Together, these results indicate that circulating cytokine profiles and clinical indices do not necessarily change in parallel and that selected cytokines may provide complementary information when interpreting disease activity in canine atopic dermatitis. These profiles should be interpreted while considering the diverse immunomodulatory mechanisms of the systemic therapy administered.