From protocol to action: critical perspectives on earthquake preparedness in Mexico

Purpose This study explores perceptions and reactions to earthquake preparedness education, earthquake early warning (EEW) systems and earthquake drill protocols in Mexico, as well as potential strategies to make these earthquake preparedness tools more effective and meaningful. Design/methodology/approach Eleven Focus Groups were conducted with 109 students from diverse academic and social backgrounds of the two largest public universities in Mexico. The findings were validated on a broader participant group using questionnaires, focused solely on the drill, administered to two populations at two distinct institutions following the 2025 National Earthquake Drill in Mexico City. Findings Focus group findings reveal a disconnect between the symbolic nature of institutional evacuation drills and the emotional and relational realities of lived experience. All participants expressed a desire for earthquake preparedness education that goes beyond slogans and rehearsals, one that is continuous, meaningful and responsive to their everyday realities. Survey results reinforced concerns about the lack of emotional and situational realism of the drill and the need to enhance the spontaneity, unpredictability and emotional intensity to better represent a life situation. Originality/value The study highlights the importance of recognizing affective and contextual dimensions in disaster preparedness, and suggests ways forward for a more inclusive, locally grounded and youth-centered seismic education. Rather than promoting compliance, the approach to earthquake preparedness should emphasize personal responsibility, dialogue and the co-creation of preparedness practices.