Nonlinear Hygro-Thermo-Electro-Magnetic Multiphysics Analysis of Rotating Porous Functionally Graded Tapered Disks

The present study addresses the significance of porosity distributions in functionally graded rotating tapered disks, with particular emphasis on the uncoupled nonlinear hygrothermal flow in an electromagnetic porous functionally graded piezomagnetic/piezoelectric tapered disk. The hygrothermal parameters and physical properties of the material are modelled according to three types of non-uniform porosity distributions, namely, even, uneven I, and uneven II, employed to minimize stress concentrations within the disk. The material composition is assumed to vary continuously from PZT-4 at the inner surface to cadmium selenide at the outer surface. The solution methodology begins by formulating and solving the heat and moisture transport equations independently. The governing differential equation obtained is subsequently solved through a semi-analytical approach, enabling the evaluation of the stresses, radial displacement, magnetic, and electric potential. Numerical simulations are conducted for both porous and non-porous disks under different boundary conditions and spatial locations. The results reveal that both the grading indicator and porosity index exert a pronounced influence on stresses, magnetic potential, and electric potential in rotating disks of variable thickness subjected to combined thermal and mechanical loading. The novelty of this study lies in the integrated treatment of a rotating tapered disk under nonlinear electromagnetic mechanical and hygrothermal loadings with multiple random porosity types - a part not addressed in previous studies. The study underscores the critical role of advanced modelling strategies for porous functionally graded materials, offering valuable insights for the design and development of engineering components operating under complex physical and mechanical environments.