Early experience in human-controlled robotic-like cardiovascular surgery utilizing ARTISENTIAL® articulated instruments with tactile feedback

OBJECTIVE: articulated instruments, which provide mechanically transmitted tactile sensation. METHODS: was used via median sternotomy in nine cases, in which custom-designed "Gride-Spin Holders" were developed to secure the instruments to the retractor bar, and through a totally endoscopic approach in one case. RESULTS: -assisted procedural components were completed without intraoperative complications. The articulated motion and mechanically transmitted tactile sensation allowed surgeons to manipulate the needle with a subjective perception of tissue resistance during suturing. The custom-designed Gride-Spin Holders functioned effectively, providing stable instrument positioning and smooth maneuverability throughout the procedures. CONCLUSION: This approach appears feasible for selected procedural components and may serve as a practical transitional strategy toward minimally invasive cardiac surgery, requiring less infrastructural investment than fully robotic platforms and allowing a stepwise transition toward MICVS.