Glucose Monitoring System Using Non-Invasive Infrared Spectroscopy

Diabetes mellitus necessitates stringent and continuous glycaemic control, yet conventional monitoring methodologies frequently suffer from limitations such as invasiveness, manual transcription errors, and low temporal resolution. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled non-invasive glucose monitoring and health alert system designed to improve diabetes management. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller for real-time acquisition of non-invasive glucose readings, accurate time stamping, and secure transmission to a centralized cloud platform. The cloud platform supports reliable data storage, trend analysis, and automated generation of historical reports and visualizations accessible through mobile and web interfaces. Additionally, the system includes a critical alert mechanism that instantly notifies patients, caregivers, and clinicians when glucose levels exceed predefined safe thresholds. By integrating non-invasive sensing with cloud-based processing and real-time communication, the system improves data accessibility, monitoring consistency, and patient safety by enabling timely, data-driven clinical interventions.