Photoionization modelling of circumstellar nebulae using irregular grains

ABSTRACT We study the effects of using the optical properties of irregular hexahedral grains in photoionization models of circumstellar nebulae around evolved stars. Dust opacities for the irregular grains were obtained from the scattering properties available in the TAMUdust2020 data base and these were implemented in the spectral synthesis code cloudy. A sample of photoionization models that use opacities from both spherical and irregular hexahedral grains across a standard MRN size distribution (0.005–0.25 $\mu$m) was produced. We consider the optical properties of graphite, amorphous carbon and silicate dust grains and find that differences between the model nebula continua calculated using spherical and irregular dust grains increase with the grain size, especially for graphite. In particular, we find that the luminosities at the infrared peak for the hexahedral grain models can be up to 60 per cent higher than those from the equivalent spherical grain models for the largest grains. This result suggests that traditional spherical grain assumptions may lead to an overestimate of the dust mass in photoionized nebulae.