Ecological Migration, Multidimensional Poverty, and Spatial Reconstruction in China’s Yellow River Basin—A Case Study of Contiguous Areas of Concentrated Poverty in the Liupan Mountains in the Ningxia Region

Given China’s strategic need to alleviate poverty and promote high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, in this paper, we adopt the unique perspective of ecological migration to dynamically analyze changes in the spatial structure, spatial differentiation, trajectory, and formation mechanism of multidimensional poverty. This study finds the following: (1) In recent years, multidimensional poverty in the contiguous poverty-stricken areas represented by Liupan Mountain in Ningxia has shown a tendency to change from overall poverty to partial poverty. (2) The influence of rural per capital net income on multidimensional poverty has been gradually slowing down over time, which reflects the evolution of the concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas represented by the Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia from absolute poverty to relative poverty. (3) Geographical capital and economic development exert a high degree of direct impact on multidimensional poverty. However, as key carriers of spatial reconstruction, ecological migration is not a direct first-order input factor. Instead, it indirectly influences the spatial reconstruction of poverty by reshaping the distribution of population, housing, cultivated land, and infrastructure, with its effects reflected in core indicators such as per capita cultivated land and ecological vulnerability. Establishing a long-term poverty alleviation mechanism for advantageous industries, building a multidimensional education system for poverty reduction, and implementing ecological migration are important pathways to alleviate and eliminate multidimensional poverty in this region.