EV Dynamic Charging and Discharging Strategy Considering Integrated Energy Station Congestion and Electricity Trading

As the electrification of transportation systems accelerates, incentivizing electric vehicle (EV) participation in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations is becoming increasingly crucial. This paper introduces a dynamic EV charging and discharging strategy that incorporates integrated energy station (IES) congestion and electricity purchase and sale scenarios. The proposed strategy seeks to facilitate orderly EV charging and discharging within a real-time simulation framework that integrates the transportation network (TN), IES, and the external grid (EG). First, we develop a real-time collaborative simulation framework that combines microscopic traffic flow (MTL) and IES–grid energy interaction models to account for mutual feedback among these components. Second, we propose an EV IES selection strategy aimed at maximizing discharge revenue, which takes into account various factors, including driving distance, time costs, battery degradation, discharge benefits, and government subsidies. Finally, we design a dynamic discharge pricing model based on real-time vehicle arrival patterns at the IES and the status of electricity purchases and sales. Simulation results show that the EV IES selection strategy, optimized for discharge revenue, reduces average user waiting time by 5.36%, decreases network time loss by 3.86%, and increases EV discharge revenue by 6.79%. Furthermore, the introduction of dynamic pricing leads to additional reductions in waiting time and network time loss by 3.46% and 4.80%, respectively. The proposed mechanism and pricing strategy effectively mitigate traffic congestion, enhance user discharge revenue, and provide flexible scheduling options for IES operations.