From 2D MXenes to 3D Carbides: Transformation of Ti <sub>3</sub> C <sub>2</sub> T <sub> <i>z</i> </sub> Thin Films into TiC <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> Carbide Nanolayers
(with ∼13 at% O), while halide surface terminations were removed. A small fraction of Li (∼0.2 at%) was detected within the transformed nanolayer, stabilized by the presence of O in the oxycarbide lattice. Ultimately, this methodology provides a framework for studying the MXene-to-MX transformation under controlled conditions, enabling the rational design of nanocomposites and bonding nanolayers for advanced structural and functional materials.
Authors
- Maxim Sokol (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-0585)
- Alexander Upcher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-6552)
- Yu. A. Kushnir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9007-8123)
- Or Messer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-7571)
- Nitzan Maman
- Christoph Freysoldt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-3478)
- Mathias Krämer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-9064)
- Barak Ratzker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0242-1282)
- Baptiste Gault (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-0458)
- Asaf Nitsan
- Dierk Raabe
- Bar Favelukis
Institutions
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (US)
- Normandie Université (FR)
- Max-Planck-Institut für Nachhaltige Materialien (DE)
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux (FR)
- Université de Rouen Normandie (FR)
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Rouen Normandie (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nano Letters
- Published
- 2026-04-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c00187
- Primary Topic
- MXene and MAX Phase Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Minerva Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Israel Science Foundation