Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Abstract In 2021 May the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration began a 5 yr spectroscopic redshift survey to produce a detailed map of the evolving three-dimensional structure of the Universe between z = 0 and z ≈ 4. DESI’s principal scientific objectives are to place precise constraints on the equation of state of dark energy, the gravitationally driven growth of large-scale structure, and the sum of the neutrino masses, and to explore the observational signatures of primordial inflation. We present DESI DR1, which consists of all data acquired during the first 13 months of the DESI main survey, as well as a uniform reprocessing of the DESI Survey Validation data, which were previously made public in the DESI Early Data Release. The DR1 main survey includes high-confidence redshifts for 18.7M objects, of which 13.1M are spectroscopically classified as galaxies, 1.6M as quasars, and 4M as stars, making DR1 the largest sample of extragalactic redshifts ever assembled. We summarize the DR1 observations, the spectroscopic data-reduction pipeline and data products, large-scale structure catalogs, value-added catalogs, and describe how to access and interact with the data. In addition to fulfilling its core cosmological objectives with unprecedented precision, we expect DR1 to enable a wide range of transformational astrophysical studies and discoveries.

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Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
The Astronomical Journal
Published
2026-04-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae4c43
Citations
8
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
110.35

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Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

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8 citations
The Astronomical Journal
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
110.35
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Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Kelly A. Douglass, A. Bolton, C. García-Quintero, Abhijeet Anand, Anthony Carr, Willem Elbers, L. Galbany, J. García-Bellido, E. Chaussidon, N. Findlay, Humna Awan, Roger de Belsunce, P. Carrilho, N. Deiosso, Alejandro Avilés, F. J. Castander, Florian Beutler, Xiaohui Fan, Chiara Circosta, Kyle Dawson, Andreu Font-Ribera, Shi-Fan Chen, Jorge L. Cervantes–Cota, Robert Blum, Boris Gaensicke, N Emas, Axel de la Macorra, S. Bailey, Parker Fagrelius, A. Bault, Haruki Ebina, Victoria A. Fawcett, U Demirbozan, A. Brodzeller, Shaun Cole, S. Escoffier, S. Brieden, E. Fernández-García, David S. Aguado, Antón Baleato Lizancos, A. Carnero Rosell, O. Ballester, Andrei Cuceu, J. Chaves-Montero, Ginevra Favole, Arjun T. Dey, K. Fanning, J. E. Forero-Romero, T. M. Davis, Steven P. Ahlen, Andrew P. Cooper, Biprateep Dey, D. M. Alexander, Cullen H. Blake, Lehman H. Garrison, Leandro José Beraldo e Silva, D. Forero-Sánchez, Amanda Byström, U. Andrade, Arnaud de Mattia, M.-C. Cousinou, Carlos Allende Prieto, Jayashree Behera, Shadab Alam, Regina Demina, Eric Armengaud, E. Burtin, Lori Allen, R. de la Cruz, Segev BenZvi, John Della Costa, Rahma. Alfarsy, Santiago Avila, Joseph DeRose, T. Claybaugh, S. Ferraro, E. Gaztañaga, E. Buckley-Geer, X. Chen, M. Abdul Karim, D. Bianchi, O. Alves, R. Bean, A. G. Adame, M. Dowicz, C. S. Frenk, J. Ding, Z. Ding, J. Aguilar, D. Brooks, J. R. Bermejo-Climent, M. Bonici, P. Doel, R. Cereskaite, J. Bautista, G. Aldering, D. J. Eisenstein, J. Edelstein, L. Casas, R. Canning
article en
8 citations

Abstract

Abstract In 2021 May the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration began a 5 yr spectroscopic redshift survey to produce a detailed map of the evolving three-dimensional structure of the Universe between z = 0 and z ≈ 4. DESI’s principal scientific objectives are to place precise constraints on the equation of state of dark energy, the gravitationally driven growth of large-scale structure, and the sum of the neutrino masses, and to explore the observational signatures of primordial inflation. We present DESI DR1, which consists of all data acquired during the first 13 months of the DESI main survey, as well as a uniform reprocessing of the DESI Survey Validation data, which were previously made public in the DESI Early Data Release. The DR1 main survey includes high-confidence redshifts for 18.7M objects, of which 13.1M are spectroscopically classified as galaxies, 1.6M as quasars, and 4M as stars, making DR1 the largest sample of extragalactic redshifts ever assembled. We summarize the DR1 observations, the spectroscopic data-reduction pipeline and data products, large-scale structure catalogs, value-added catalogs, and describe how to access and interact with the data. In addition to fulfilling its core cosmological objectives with unprecedented precision, we expect DR1 to enable a wide range of transformational astrophysical studies and discoveries.

The Astronomical JournalVol. 171(5)
Boston University (US), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (IN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Universidad de Guanajuato (MX), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (CN), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), University of Arizona (US), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), Universidad de La Laguna (ES), Universidad de Los Andes (CO), University of Sussex (GB), The University of Queensland (AU), University of Pittsburgh (US), Perimeter Institute (CA), University of California, Santa Cruz (US), University of Toronto (CA), Institute for High Energy Physics (ES), University of Milan (IT), Kansas State University (US), Durham University (GB), Brookhaven National Laboratory (US), University of California, Irvine (US), Cornell University (US), Aix-Marseille Université (FR), University of Utah (US), National Tsing Hua University (TW), San Diego State University (US), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), University of Michigan (US), Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KR), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US), Brera Astronomical Observatory (IT), Center for Theoretical Physics (PL), Yale University (US), University of Warwick (GB), Institute for Advanced Study (US), University of Chicago (US), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ES), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (MX), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), Royal Observatory (GB), Institute of Space Sciences (ES), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), CEA Paris-Saclay (FR), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), Community Science and Data Center (US), Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (MX), NSF NOIRLab (US), Flatiron Health (United States) (US), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (FR), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES), Flatiron Institute (US), University College London (GB), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH), University of Rochester (US), Swinburne University of Technology (AU), University of Portsmouth (GB), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES), Newcastle University (GB), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (MX), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX), University of California, Berkeley (US), University of Edinburgh (GB)
U.S. Department of Energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
110.35
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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