G-patch proteins: important regulators of pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis

, as well as in humans. Growing evidence indicates that these proteins act as critical cofactors of RNA helicases involved in splicing, facilitating the dynamic transitions required for spliceosome activation, catalysis, and disassembly. Beyond splicing, these proteins also contribute to the regulation of ribosome biogenesis and other aspects of RNA metabolism. Dysregulation or mutation of G-patch proteins have been shown to cause aberrant mRNA maturation, altered splicing patterns, impaired ribosome assembly, and genomic instability. Such perturbations are associated with a range of human diseases, including cancer progression. Despite the essential roles of G-patch proteins in regulating pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis, the precise molecular functions and interaction networks of many G-patch proteins remain poorly understood. Future studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms by which these proteins coordinate RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis are therefore essential. Such investigations may help uncover the molecular basis of G-patch protein-associated diseases and reveal new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.