Harmonisation of Navigation Signs on Inland Waterways in Poland with European Regulations to Improve Navigation Safety

Navigation marking is an essential element of inland waterways. The visibility, location, and quality of navigation signs determine navigation conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify opportunities to improve navigation safety on inland waterways in Poland. Particular attention was paid to Polish legislation and international regulations in order to identify discrepancies and propose amendments to individual legal acts. These recommendations were preceded by field studies of selected navigation signs, including assessments of their legibility at night and in conditions of limited visibility. On this basis, and drawing on many years of practical experience on navigable waterways in Poland and Western European countries, the authors developed original proposals for the use of navigation signs, including designs for floating navigation signs and bridge clearance signs, as well as concepts for navigation marking plans for selected infrastructure components related to inland waterways. The proposed measures are expected to improve the recognisability and consistency of navigation markings, which may contribute to better operating conditions for inland waterway users, including both professional inland navigation operators (freight and passenger) and individual recreational users.