Large‐Scale Integration System for Retired Power Batteries Based on Transformer Balancing and Clustering Algorithms

ABSTRACT The large‐scale development of the electric vehicle industry has caused a significant rise in the stock of retired power batteries (RPB). Their cascaded use can reveal remaining value, but inconsistency remains a major obstacle. While cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverters and modular multilevel converters (MMCs) allow for extensive battery integration and split management, their limited system control options make it hard to fully address battery inconsistencies. Based on this, this paper introduces a modular topology using transformer balancing, which primarily provides interphase and intraphase power balancing as well as battery state‐of‐charge (SOC) balancing. Additionally, this paper uses clustering algorithms for classification optimization to reduce control complexity. Lastly, a hardware‐in‐the‐loop semiphysical simulation platform was developed to experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed modular converter and control strategy.