Integrative transcriptome and microbiome analysis reveals ferroptosis-driven duodenal damage caused by Ochratoxin A in mice

/lipid metabolism pathways. Microbiome profiling showed augmented diversification, altered Bacteroidota abundance and enrichment of pathogenic microbiota (e.g., Oscillibacter and Barnesiella), linking ferroptosis with dysbiosis. These findings demonstrate that OTA induces duodenal ferroptosis through dual microbiota-duodenum axis, where microbial dysbiosis amplifies redox imbalance and iron homeostasis. Ferroptotic inhibitors may preserve the gut health in animals and humans exposed to fungal contaminants.